{"id":1357,"date":"2016-09-07T11:00:16","date_gmt":"2016-09-07T09:00:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.imf-formacion.com\/blog\/mba\/?p=1357"},"modified":"2020-06-22T19:34:09","modified_gmt":"2020-06-22T17:34:09","slug":"factura-pro-forma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.imf-formacion.com\/blog\/mba\/factura-pro-forma\/","title":{"rendered":"La factura proforma y su utilidad en el mercado internacional"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"blogs-antes-del-contenido\" id=\"blogs-2685901164\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf-formacion.com\/comunicacion\/descargar-gratis-guia-mejor-perfil-linkedin-perfecto\/\" target=\"_blank\">\r\n\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/d2xtbylwu97mzb.cloudfront.net\/\/blog\/prevencion-riesgos-laborales\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/730x67-Guia-Linkedin.gif\";>\r\n<\/a><\/div><input type=\"hidden\" value=\"\" data-essbisPostContainer=\"\" data-essbisPostUrl=\"https:\/\/blogs.imf-formacion.com\/blog\/mba\/factura-pro-forma\/\" data-essbisPostTitle=\"La factura proforma y su utilidad en el mercado internacional\" data-essbisHoverContainer=\"\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.imf-formacion.com\/blog\/mba\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/factura-proforma-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" id=\"longdesc-return-1366\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-1366\" tabindex=\"-1\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.imf-formacion.com\/blog\/mba\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/factura-proforma-1.jpg\" alt=\"que es una factura proforma\" width=\"957\" height=\"638\" longdesc=\"https:\/\/blogs.imf-formacion.com\/blog\/mba?longdesc=1366&amp;referrer=1357\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.imf-formacion.com\/blog\/mba\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/factura-proforma-1.jpg 957w, https:\/\/blogs.imf-formacion.com\/blog\/mba\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/factura-proforma-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.imf-formacion.com\/blog\/mba\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/factura-proforma-1-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 957px) 100vw, 957px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<p>A la hora de realizar una factura proforma, lo principal es entender su car\u00e1cter <strong>meramente informativo y provisional<\/strong> y debe figurar claramente en el encabezado que nos hallamos ante una de este tipo,&nbsp;y no ante una factura comercial. Por tanto, debemos comprender que <strong>no tiene ning\u00fan tipo de validez contable o fiscal<\/strong> ante Hacienda y que <strong>tampoco puede ser utilizada como justificante de pago.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Sin embargo, su uso en el comercio internacional est\u00e1 muy generalizado. A continuaci\u00f3n explicaremos por qu\u00e9:<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u00bfPara qu\u00e9 sirve? <\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Son solicitadas por el importador y es el exportador el que las emite ya que incorpora todos los datos de la compra-venta como si fuera <strong>un borrador<\/strong> de la que ser\u00eda la factura ordinaria. De este modo, sirve como un comprobante de una operaci\u00f3n que se piensa realizar y permite a los importadores solicitar y <strong>obtener la licencia de importaci\u00f3n<\/strong> para la misma. Por ende, justifica la solicitud de <strong>financiaci\u00f3n<\/strong>, de determinados <strong>tr\u00e1mites en las aduanas de destino<\/strong> y el permiso para pagar en divisas y la apertura de cr\u00e9ditos documentados.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u00bfQu\u00e9 contiene una&nbsp;factura pro forma?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Contienen la misma informaci\u00f3n que una factura ordinaria para que sea de utilidad: desde lo b\u00e1sico (concepto, cantidad, importe\u2026) hasta lo m\u00e1s espec\u00edfico para las operaciones internacionales (incoterms, n\u00famero de identificaci\u00f3n fiscal, gastos de transporte\u2026). Hay muchos importadores que utilizan estos datos para <strong>calcular presupuestos<\/strong> y necesita precisarse cualquier gasto sobre todo si se realiza en condiciones concretas de acuerdos comerciales o bloque. Por ejemplo; la factura proforma de una relaci\u00f3n comercial intracomunitaria deber\u00e1 incluir el n\u00famero de IVA comunitario.<\/p>\n<p>Sin embargo, <strong>no suele ir numerada<\/strong> (o como m\u00ednimo debe poseer otra numeraci\u00f3n diferente a la de la ordinaria), <strong>firmada o sellada<\/strong> y, de hecho, se recomienda que se realice as\u00ed para no generar confusi\u00f3n. Esto se modificar\u00e1 si se lleva a cabo la definitiva.<\/p>\n<p>Adem\u00e1s, este tipo de documento&nbsp;genera un <strong>compromiso a respetar las&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>condiciones de contrato<\/strong> estipuladas en la misma factura proforma si se acaba creando la real (siempre que nos encontremos en el tiempo acordado para que siga en vigor la misma). Aunque no obliga a la compra-venta ya que es un documento meramente informativo, la proforma s\u00ed establece un acuerdo de c\u00f3mo se realizar\u00eda la misma.<\/p>\n<p>Ahora podemos tener una idea macro de la raz\u00f3n por la cual la utilizaci\u00f3n de este documento en el mercado internacional se ha ido generalizando con el paso del tiempo.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.imf-formacion.com\/blog\/mba\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/jesus-rubio.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" id=\"longdesc-return-1364\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-1364 \" tabindex=\"-1\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.imf-formacion.com\/blog\/mba\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/jesus-rubio-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"comercio internacional\" width=\"121\" height=\"121\" longdesc=\"https:\/\/blogs.imf-formacion.com\/blog\/mba?longdesc=1364&amp;referrer=1357\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.imf-formacion.com\/blog\/mba\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/jesus-rubio-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/blogs.imf-formacion.com\/blog\/mba\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/jesus-rubio-200x200.jpg 200w, https:\/\/blogs.imf-formacion.com\/blog\/mba\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/jesus-rubio-80x80.jpg 80w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 121px) 100vw, 121px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/jes%C3%BAs-rubio-blanco-26a65357\">Jes\u00fas Rubio<\/a><\/span>,&nbsp;<\/strong>ponente del <strong><span style=\"color: #993237;\"><a style=\"color: #993237;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.imf-formacion.com\/comunicacion\/?c=35900\">Master de Comercio Internacional<\/a><\/span><\/strong> de <span style=\"color: #993237;\"><a style=\"color: #993237;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.imf-formacion.com\"><strong>IMF Business School.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h4><\/h4>\n<h5><\/h5>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<input type=\"hidden\" value=\"\" data-essbisPostContainer=\"\" data-essbisPostUrl=\"https:\/\/blogs.imf-formacion.com\/blog\/mba\/factura-pro-forma\/\" data-essbisPostTitle=\"La factura proforma y su utilidad en el mercado internacional\" data-essbisHoverContainer=\"\">","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"kt_blocks_editor_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[192],"tags":[351,344,349,353,352,348,346,347,345,354,350],"class_list":["post-1357","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-comercial","tag-comercial","tag-comercio","tag-compra","tag-condiciones","tag-contrato","tag-exportar","tag-factura","tag-importar","tag-internacional","tag-legal","tag-venta"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This 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