{"id":5742,"date":"2020-10-29T17:27:45","date_gmt":"2020-10-29T16:27:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.imf-formacion.com\/blog\/mba\/?p=5742"},"modified":"2020-10-29T17:27:46","modified_gmt":"2020-10-29T16:27:46","slug":"que-es-van-calcula","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.imf-formacion.com\/blog\/mba\/que-es-van-calcula\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00bfQu\u00e9 es el VAN y c\u00f3mo se calcula?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"blogs-antes-del-contenido\" id=\"blogs-2820565630\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf-formacion.com\/comunicacion\/descargar-gratis-guia-mejor-perfil-linkedin-perfecto\/\" target=\"_blank\">\r\n\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/d2xtbylwu97mzb.cloudfront.net\/\/blog\/prevencion-riesgos-laborales\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/730x67-Guia-Linkedin.gif\";>\r\n<\/a><\/div><input type=\"hidden\" value=\"\" data-essbisPostContainer=\"\" data-essbisPostUrl=\"https:\/\/blogs.imf-formacion.com\/blog\/mba\/que-es-van-calcula\/\" data-essbisPostTitle=\"\u00bfQu\u00e9 es el VAN y c\u00f3mo se calcula?\" data-essbisHoverContainer=\"\">\n<p>Una de los principales usos de la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf-formacion.com\/masters-profesionales\/master-en-direccion-financiera\"><strong>econom\u00eda financiera <\/strong><\/a>consiste en ser capaz de medir la viabilidad de un proyecto de inversi\u00f3n y esto se puede calcular mediante los procedimiento de <strong>VAN <\/strong>o TIR. Pero antes de ello quisiera definir qu\u00e9 es un<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.imf-formacion.com\/blog\/mba\/evaluar-proyecto-de-inversion\/\"><strong> proyecto de inversi\u00f3n.<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Llamamos <strong>proyecto de inversi\u00f3n<\/strong> a la adquisici\u00f3n de un activo (real o financiero) para ponerlo a funcionar a lo largo de un per\u00edodo de tiempo con la esperanza de obtener una rentabilidad positiva de \u00e9l.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> Es decir, supone un desembolso para adquirir un bien con el objetivo de que pasado un determinado per\u00edodo el inversor recupere el valor de la inversi\u00f3n y un plus nacido de ese desembolso, del riesgo de la inversi\u00f3n y de la incertidumbre de poner el dinero a trabajar en dicho proyecto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Por tanto un <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.imf-formacion.com\/blog\/mba\/financiar-proyecto-empresa-banco\/\"><strong>proyecto <\/strong><\/a>de inversi\u00f3n se compone de una inversi\u00f3n o desembolso inicial y de una serie de flujos de caja que producir\u00e1 esa inversi\u00f3n a lo largo de los a\u00f1os. Si pasado un per\u00edodo de tiempo estimado el valor total de los flujos de caja supera el coste del proyecto podemos decir que ha generado valor, aumentando el tama\u00f1o de la empresa o la econom\u00eda del inversor.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_4d74a5-fb, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_4d74a5-fb[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_4d74a5-fb\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_4d74a5-fb mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_4d74a5-fb[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_4d74a5-fb\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<h2 id=\"kt-adv-heading_4d74a5-fb\" class=\"kt-adv-heading_4d74a5-fb wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\"><strong>\u00bfQu\u00e9 es el VAN?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Llamamos <strong>VAN o Valor Actual Neto<\/strong> de un proyecto de inversi\u00f3n a la <strong>suma de valores actuales de todos los flujos de caja esperados de un proyecto <\/strong>(de ah\u00ed que sea un \u201cvalor actual\u201d). Si la suma de los flujos de caja actualizados es mayor que el desembolso inicial se crear\u00e1 valor, si no lo es se estar\u00e1 destruyendo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>El VAN proporciona al director financiero un resultado en t\u00e9rminos absolutos (en unidades econ\u00f3micas) de la viabilidad de un proyecto, aunque la dificultad radica en el c\u00e1lculo de la tasa de actualizaci\u00f3n o coste de oportunidad de los flujos para lo cual suele usarse datos de empresas de riesgo similar en el entorno.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_49938c-da, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_49938c-da[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_49938c-da\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_49938c-da mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_49938c-da[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_49938c-da\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<h2 id=\"kt-adv-heading_49938c-da\" class=\"kt-adv-heading_49938c-da wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\"><strong>Ventajas y limitaciones del VAN<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>El <strong>VAN <\/strong>es un m\u00e9todo perfecto de uso para valorar un proyecto de inversi\u00f3n, donde podemos identificar los siguientes puntos fuertes y d\u00e9biles.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_0d11a3-c5, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_0d11a3-c5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_0d11a3-c5\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_0d11a3-c5 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_0d11a3-c5[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_0d11a3-c5\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<h3 id=\"kt-adv-heading_0d11a3-c5\" class=\"kt-adv-heading_0d11a3-c5 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\">Ventajas del VAN<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Sencillo y de f\u00e1cil aplicaci\u00f3n.<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Tiene en cuenta todos los flujos de caja del proyecto.<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Tiene en cuenta el valor temporal del dinero.<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Es el m\u00e9todo que mejor refleja la creaci\u00f3n de valor en la empresa ya que aporta el resultado del proyecto en unidades monetarias.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_a89914-42, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_a89914-42[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_a89914-42\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_a89914-42 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_a89914-42[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_a89914-42\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<h3 id=\"kt-adv-heading_a89914-42\" class=\"kt-adv-heading_a89914-42 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\">Limitaciones del VAN<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>C\u00e1lculo de la tasa de descuento (i), sin duda uno de los principales problemas del m\u00e9todo.<\/li><li>Supone la reinversi\u00f3n de los flujos intermedios, es decir, los flujos obtenidos en cada per\u00edodo no se sacan del proyecto sino que se mantienen en el proyecto.<\/li><li>Puede suponer problemas de inconsistencia a la hora de comparar proyectos de inversi\u00f3n, por ejemplo dos proyectos de diferente duraci\u00f3n den el mismo VAN.<\/li><li>No permite cambios al no ser un m\u00e9todo flexible para introducirlos.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_969083-4c, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_969083-4c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_969083-4c\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_969083-4c mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_969083-4c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_969083-4c\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<h2 id=\"kt-adv-heading_969083-4c\" class=\"kt-adv-heading_969083-4c wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\"><strong>\u00bfC\u00f3mo se calcula el VAN?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Definir\u00e9 previamente que:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>A: es el desembolso inicial, es decir, el dinero pagado para adquirir el bien.<\/li><li>Fx: el flujo de caja generado en cada per\u00edodo (normalmente anual).<\/li><li>i: tasa de descuento o coste de oportunidad.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Una vez definidos los par\u00e1metros lo que debemos hacer es actualizarlos y llevar los flujos a 0 usando las<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.imf-formacion.com\/blog\/mba\/matematicas-financieras\/\"><strong> matem\u00e1ticas financieras<\/strong><\/a> y el inter\u00e9s compuesto y el resultado ser\u00e1 una f\u00f3rmula como la siguiente que es la f\u00f3rmula general.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"444\" height=\"71\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.imf-formacion.com\/blog\/mba\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/van-como-se-calcula.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5747\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.imf-formacion.com\/blog\/mba\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/van-como-se-calcula.png 444w, https:\/\/blogs.imf-formacion.com\/blog\/mba\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/van-como-se-calcula-300x48.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 444px) 100vw, 444px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_bb707a-af, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_bb707a-af[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_bb707a-af\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_bb707a-af mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_bb707a-af[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_bb707a-af\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<h2 id=\"kt-adv-heading_bb707a-af\" class=\"kt-adv-heading_bb707a-af wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\"><strong>Ejemplo<\/strong> del VAN<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Supongamos un proyecto de inversi\u00f3n donde queremos valorar si adquirir o no una panader\u00eda. El coste de esta inversi\u00f3n es de 70.000 Euros (Do) y queremos que sea rentable para nosotros como nuevos socios en tres a\u00f1os, durante los cuales esperamos que se produzca flujos de caja de 25.000 Euros (F1), 27.300 Euros (F2) y 29.100 Euros (F3) con una tasa de descuento similar a la de panader\u00edas del entorno de un 4%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>El c\u00e1lculo ser\u00eda:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"653\" height=\"102\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.imf-formacion.com\/blog\/mba\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/van-como-se-calcula-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5749\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.imf-formacion.com\/blog\/mba\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/van-como-se-calcula-1.png 653w, https:\/\/blogs.imf-formacion.com\/blog\/mba\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/van-como-se-calcula-1-300x47.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 653px) 100vw, 653px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Luego el proyecto crea valor para la empresa con un VAN de 5.629 Euros.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_c22bfa-92, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_c22bfa-92[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_c22bfa-92\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_c22bfa-92 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_c22bfa-92[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_c22bfa-92\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<h2 id=\"kt-adv-heading_c22bfa-92\" class=\"kt-adv-heading_c22bfa-92 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\"><strong>\u00bfC\u00f3mo se calcula el VAN con el Excel?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>El c\u00e1lculo del VAN con esta hoja de c\u00e1lculo es realmente sencillo y facilita su c\u00e1lculo de manera sorprendente. La f\u00f3rmula es la siguiente = VNA (inter\u00e9s; flujos de caja) + desembolso inicial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Usando el ejemplo anterior ser\u00eda:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"567\" height=\"124\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.imf-formacion.com\/blog\/mba\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/van-como-se-calcula-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5750\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.imf-formacion.com\/blog\/mba\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/van-como-se-calcula-2.png 567w, https:\/\/blogs.imf-formacion.com\/blog\/mba\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/van-como-se-calcula-2-300x66.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 567px) 100vw, 567px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_2b8cb6-8e, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_2b8cb6-8e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_2b8cb6-8e\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_2b8cb6-8e mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading_2b8cb6-8e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading_2b8cb6-8e\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<h2 id=\"kt-adv-heading_2b8cb6-8e\" class=\"kt-adv-heading_2b8cb6-8e wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\"><strong>Enlace de inter\u00e9s<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-wordpress wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-mba-imf\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"maNqJ3bevc\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.imf-formacion.com\/blog\/mba\/ratios-financieros-y-influencia-en-gestion-empresarial\/\">\u00bfQu\u00e9 son los ratios financieros y su influencia en la gesti\u00f3n empresarial?<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"\u00ab\u00bfQu\u00e9 son los ratios financieros y su influencia en la gesti\u00f3n empresarial?\u00bb \u2014 MBA \u2022 IMF\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.imf-formacion.com\/blog\/mba\/ratios-financieros-y-influencia-en-gestion-empresarial\/embed\/#?secret=maNqJ3bevc\" data-secret=\"maNqJ3bevc\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-wordpress wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-mba-imf\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"GZmZ1h96b7\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.imf-formacion.com\/blog\/mba\/economia-real-financiera-diferencias\/\">Econom\u00eda real y financiera: principales diferencias<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"\u00abEconom\u00eda real y financiera: principales diferencias\u00bb \u2014 MBA \u2022 IMF\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.imf-formacion.com\/blog\/mba\/economia-real-financiera-diferencias\/embed\/#?secret=GZmZ1h96b7\" data-secret=\"GZmZ1h96b7\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-wordpress wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-mba-imf\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"WOxvf5DjB2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.imf-formacion.com\/blog\/mba\/economia-social-que-es\/\">Econom\u00eda social: qu\u00e9 es y principales principios<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"\u00abEconom\u00eda social: qu\u00e9 es y principales principios\u00bb \u2014 MBA \u2022 IMF\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.imf-formacion.com\/blog\/mba\/economia-social-que-es\/embed\/#?secret=WOxvf5DjB2\" data-secret=\"WOxvf5DjB2\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<input type=\"hidden\" value=\"\" data-essbisPostContainer=\"\" data-essbisPostUrl=\"https:\/\/blogs.imf-formacion.com\/blog\/mba\/que-es-van-calcula\/\" data-essbisPostTitle=\"\u00bfQu\u00e9 es el VAN y c\u00f3mo se calcula?\" data-essbisHoverContainer=\"\">","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":5745,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"kt_blocks_editor_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[481],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5742","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-finanzas"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.3 (Yoast SEO v26.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u00bfQu\u00e9 es el VAN y c\u00f3mo se calcula?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"El VAN es un m\u00e9todo perfecto de uso para valorar un proyecto de inversi\u00f3n, donde podemos identificar los siguientes puntos fuertes y d\u00e9biles.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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